How to Use Git in Ubuntu 18.04

How to Use Git in Ubuntu 18.04

In the previous article we learnt about what is Git all about.Now we'll learn a more about git and its repository in more detail

Git is a distributed revision control system with an emphasis on speed, data integrity, and support for distributed, non-linear workflows. Every Git working directory is a full-fledged repository with complete history and full version-tracking capabilities, independent of network access or a central server.

GitHub is a Web-based Git repository hosting service, which offers all of the distributed revision control. Unlike Git, which is strictly a command-line tool, GitHub provides a Web-based graphical interface. GitHub is used for 'version control'. This means that GitHub is used for software development projects when more than a person(or a group) is working on it. What GitHub does is that it creates a cloud-based centralized repository for everyone working in the group and allows everyone working on the project to update the information. One can also use BitBucket, if not GitHub.

INSTALLING GIT:

Step 1: Open the Terminal and  type sudo apt-get install git

Step 2: Goto www.github.com and sign into your account. If you're a new user, you can simply sign-up. (You can also use www.bitbucket.org as an alternative,but we will use github here).

You'll have a username from here. Let us say that it's your_username

CONFIGURING GIT:

Step 1: Go back to the terminal and type this to configure git

git config –global user.name "your_username"

Step 2: Now type this to link your email too.

git config –global user.email "your_emailid"

USING GIT:

Step 1: Go to your github account and create a repository with a name(lets say name of your project). We are creating a repository with the name myproject

Step 2: Make a folder with the name of your project and change your current directory to that  directory.

mkdir myproject

cd myproject

Step 3: Now we want to initiate Git for this folder

git init

Step 4: Now we will set up the remote, which tells git where the repository is located.

git remote add origin  https://github.com/your_username/myproject.git

We have now configured and installed git and, created and configured a repository. Lets say we have a simple file in the myproject folder helloworld.c and we want it to share it with a friend who is working on the same project.

Step 5: To add this file we will type

git add helloworld.c

Or if we have a lot of files to be transferred from the folder to our git account, then we can use the command.

git add .

This would transfer the file(s) in the list which we will later commit.

Step 6: Next, when we are finished adding the files, then we will have to commit adding.

git commit -m 'your_message'

Step 7: Next, we need to push the commit that we just made on to the repository at github

git push origin master

It would automatically ask you for your username and password for github. After entering the details, go to github and refresh. The files would get added there.

Username for ' https://github.com ': your_username

Password for ' https://your_username@github.com ' : *******

Step 8: We have successfully transferred a file on your github account. Now lets add one more file aboutme.txt and edit our file helloworld.c . Following the same procedure we will first add the files, commit and then push them to the github account.

git add .
git commit -m 'your_message'   git push origin master

Step 9: When we would go to our github account, we would see the entire hierarchy of the modification of the file. Here,we would see the changes we made to the helloworld.c file in the respective commits.

Now, Lets say one of the co-worker of the project needs to work on helloworld.c . After making some changes, he wants to update the file on github.

Step 10: First he would have to download the whole repository in which the file helloworld.c is present into his system.

git clone https://github.com/your_username/myproject.git

A folder named myproject gets downloaded with all the files in it. The necessary changes are made and then the file is similarly added, committed and pushed similarly as above.

Step 11: If the first user wish to see the changes, then he can see it by typing:

git pull origin master

Article By Harshit Gupta:
Kolkata based Harshit Gupta is an active blogger having keen interest in writing about current affairs, technical Blogs, stories, and personal life experiences. Besides passionate about writing, he also loves coding and dancing. Currently studying at IIEST, he is an active blog contributor at geeksforgeeks. You can reach him at https://in.linkedin.com/pub/harshit-gupta/102/b71/605

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Source: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-install-configure-and-use-git-on-ubuntu/

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